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Shore Fly is from the ephydridae famly and are small dark flies that resemble houseflies with a very short antenna and 5 distinctive whitish spots on their dark wings. They can be found near damp decaying vegetation and algae. The larvae feed on algae and may spread pythium root disease to plants. These flies may occur in enormous numbers on or near pools of brackish water. May be eaten by the Stilt, Moorhen, and Koloa.

May Fly are common insects found in almost all freshwater habitats as well as brackish ones. Most adult Mayflies have 2 pairs of wings and non functioning mouthparts. Adult Mayflies do not eat. Nymphs have functioning mouthparts and are aquatic. Mayflies have a low tolerence for pollution and may be absent or found in reduced numbers where pollution is a problem. Mayflies, both adults and nymphs, form an important part of the diet of freshwater fish. Predators of the Mayfly also include amphibians, spiders, predacious insects, Stilt, Moorhen, and the Koloa. The presence or absence of Mayflyies in the Hamakua Marsh and canal may be an indicator at the degree of pollution in that habitat.

Caddisflies are aquatic insects which breed in streams , ponds and lakes. Caddisflies get as big as 1 1 / 2 inches long. They have six legs on their upper body and have gills on the end of their body or underneath. Native Hawaiian birds that prey upon the caddisflies are the American Coot, Moorhen, and the Hawaiian Stilt.

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